Descriptive Summary
	Creator:	Dartmouth College Shattuck Observatory
	Title Remainder:	Records. 1827-
	Dates:	1827-
	Identification:	DA-9

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Other Descriptive Data

Dartmouth College. Shattuck Observatory Meteorological Records, 1827 - present [1853 - 1966]

DA-9

Dartmouth College Library Special Collections

December 1995

History of Dartmouth College (George C. Shattuck) Observatory

The individual responsible for the movement to have an observatory built at Dartmouth was Professor Ira Young (Class of 1828), Professor of Natural Philosophy. Not long after his appointment in 1833, Professor Young pressed the Trustees for modern equipment and apparatus for instruction of natural philosophy. The compelling nature and force of his arguments caused the Trustees to grant his request. The acquisition of new instructional equipment awakened the Dartmouth student body's interest in natural philosophy.

In 1838, Young was appointed Professor of Astronomy in addition to the Natural Philosophy Professorship. Professor Young presented the Trustees with a series of requests for new astronomical equipment. In 1846, he asked for and was granted money to acquire a state-of-the-art, six-foot refracting telescope from a manufacturer in Germany. At the arrival of the telescope it was realized no proper structure was available in which to house it. As a result of another petition by Young, the Trustees authorized appropriations for the building of a small, two-room observatory in Young's garden. As had happened with earlier acquisitions of scientific equipment, a great deal of interest in the sciences was generated within the student body.

Professor Young used the students' heightened interest in the sciences to formally request the Trustees to build a full observatory and properly house the new telescope, so that qualified research and instruction could continue. It wasn't until Boston physician Dr. George C. Shattuck's (Class of 1803) 1852 gift of $7000 that an observatory finally became a possibility. With the gift, Dr. Shattuck stipulated that: the Trustees match the gift with an additional $4000; Ira Young's brother, Ammi B. Young (H1841), create the architectural design for the observatory; and, Professor Young be sent to Europe to purchase the necessary books and equipment needed to outfit the Observatory. Young left for Europe in early 1853, taking his son Charles (Class of 1853) with him. Professor of Chemistry Oliver Payson Hubbard was left to oversee the early phases of the construction of the Observatory. The Youngs returned in September and Professor Young oversaw the final construction phases. The Dartmouth College Observatory was completed before the fall term of 1854. Dr. Shattuck died in March of that year.

Although the most obvious use of the Observatory would be for astronomical observations, Professor Young had explained to Dr. Shattuck in October of 1852 that additional equipment was necessary for complete instruction in natural philosophy, and particularly meteorology. (Meteorology became a course of instruction in the 1849 - 1850 academic year.) A quote from the 1974 book by Brown and Reiser, Natural Philosophy at Dartmouth: From Surveyors' Chains to the Pressure of Light, details what Professor Young described to Dr. Shattuck: “In Meteorology, we think it very important that we should be furnished with a complete set of the standard instruments that have lately been introduced under the direction of Professor Guyot, at some of the principal points of observation through the United States. These, I believe consist of Barometers, Thermometers, Hygrometers, Anemometers, and Rain Guages, & c.....”.

Ira Young's reference to Professor Arnold H. Guyot is significant. Professor Guyot was assisting the Smithsonian Institution with distributing equipment and training observers. The Smithsonian had begun collecting national meteorological data in 1849, and by 1853 had established a national network of observers. In October of 1853, Professor Young began sending the Smithsonian meteorological information on the monthly “Form of Meteorological Register Prepared by the Smithsonian Institution For a Uniform System of Observations”, keeping a copy for himself. The Eighth Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution (1854), lists Professor Ira Young and Albert A. Young (son of Ira Young, Class of 1856) as observers for Hanover, NH.

Dartmouth continued to send monthly observations to the Smithsonian until 1857. Meteorological data was not collected and recorded during the vacancy in the position of Professor of Natural Philosophy created by Ira Young's death in 1858. Data collection resumed when Henry Fairbanks (Class of 1853) filled the renamed position of Appleton Professor of Natural Philosophy in 1859. Professor Fairbanks held the professorship for six years. In 1865, Charles Augustus Young (Class of 1853) assumed responsibilities in the Appleton Professorship. The “new” Professor Young brought prestige to Dartmouth through his astronomical discoveries and publications as Director of the Observatory. He also oversaw the continuing collection of meteorological observations.

Meteorological observations continued at Dartmouth under the auspices of the Astronomy Department. Nationally, responsibility for the collection of meteorological data passed from the Smithsonian Institution to the Signal Service division of the U.S. Army (1870), and from there to the newly created U.S. Weather Bureau within the Department of Agriculture (1891). The Weather Bureau collected data much the same way the Smithsonian Institution had done, issuing forms to record the meteorological data. The observer kept at least one copy and sent another copy to the local Weather Bureau office. Dartmouth began sending these reports to the Weather Bureau ostensibly in 1892, but continuous reporting is confirmed beginning in 1893.

In 1906, John Merrill Poor (Class of 1897) became Assistant Professor of Astronomy. Throughout his 27-year tenure, he became more and more involved with climatological studies gleaned from the decades of meteorological data that had been collected. (Professor Poor was also a renowned astronomer.) He authored a paper, “Winter Weather Records at Hanover, NH”, during his senior year of 1897. There was an expansion in the number and kinds of meteorological observations and studies done during his tenure, which included hypsometrical (land elevation) and atmospheric visibility studies.

Richard Halsey Goddard (Class of 1920) paid the most attention to the meteorological data collected at Dartmouth. Shortly after his 1934 appointment as Assistant Professor of Astronomy, he began an analysis of the data being collected. He initiated extensive use of recording devices which charted specific data over a specific time frame. Within several years, he developed data forms onto which recording chart readings could be transcribed and tabulated into extensive paper collections or “databanks”. The forms, each specific to a particular type of data relevent to the recording charts, were actually derived from the monthly registers that had been originally developed by the Smithsonian Institution and later adopted by the Weather Bureau. Individual types of data such as temperature, barometric pressure, humidity, precipitation, wind, sunshine duration, and weather remarks were collected. As had Professor Poor before him, Professor Goddard undertook many individual studies from the combined collected meteorological data kept at the Observatory.

Professor Goddard retired in 1964, ending 30 years of continuous service at Dartmouth as the last man to hold the title of Director of Shattuck Observatory. Although meteorological data collection has continued, by the late 1960's retention of meteorological records at the Observatory began to dwindle. The forms developed by Professor Goddard were no longer in use. By the mid 1980's, recording charts were no longer being retained.

Since the days when observations were first collected nationally by the U.S. Weather Bureau from participating meteorological observation stations, some stations were compensated for their participation by the Bureau. Dartmouth has always supplied its meteorological data on a completely voluntary basis. As of December 1995, the Dartmouth College Observatory continues to be a voluntary meteorological observation station for the National Weather Service.

Scope Note

The Dartmouth College Observatory Meteorological Records, 1827 - present [1853 - 1966], 46.5 linear feet (73 boxes), contain mechanical recording charts, compiled daily and monthly data forms, voluntary observers' reports, monthly meteorological registers, off-site observations, and a small amount of correspondence and administrative records. The latter documents the planning, construction, and equipping of the George C. Shattuck Observatory. Most of the meteorological observations are of temperature, barometric pressure, humidity, wind, precipitation and sunshine. The combination of written observations, mechanical recording charts, and voluntary observers' monthly reports to the U.S. Weather Bureau/National Weather Service make these Records one of the most complete and continuous collections of meteorological and climatological data in the United States. The Records demonstrate the evolution of meteorological data-collecting at Dartmouth College. The Records detail little about the Observatory's administrative functioning.

Series Descriptions

December 1995

Hanover, New Hampshire

The Dartmouth College. Shattuck Observatory Meteorological Records are organized into five series:

I, ADMINISTRATIVE RECORDS, 1846 - 1979

II, MONTHLY METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS REGISTERS, 1827 - 1935

III, RECORDING CHARTS AND DAILY/MONTHLY DATA FORMS, 1867 - 1984 [1935 - 1966]

IV, OFF-SITE AND OTHER METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, DATA, AND RECORDS, 1915 - 1993

V, WEATHER BUREAU/WEATHER SERVICE MONTHLY OBSERVERS' REPORTS, 1892 - PRESENT.

Series I, ADMINISTRATIVE RECORDS, 1846 - 1979,.25 linear feet, contains accounts, bills, and receipts for construction materials, equipment, and books for Shattuck Observatory, and costs for its maintenance. There are sketches and cost estimates on some of the materials needed for construction. There is also correspondence between Professor Ira Young and his brother Ammi B. Young, as well as correspondence between Professor Ira Young and Professor Oliver P. Hubbard. Most of the records in this series were accumulated by Professor Ira Young. Of note in this series are annual reports made to the Trustees of Dartmouth College by Professor Ira Young. An alphabetical catalog of books purchased for the Observatory library was prepared by Charles A. Young under his father's direction.

Series II, MONTHLY METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS REGISTERS, 1827 - 1935, 7.5 linear feet, contains accumulated daily and monthly meteorological data, including temperature, humidity, barometric pressure, precipitation, sunshine duration, wind and remarks on each day's prevalent weather conditions based on observations taken two or more times daily. The oldest register is Ebenezer Adams Jr.'s Thermometrical Register, 1827 - 1828. The monthly registers begin with reporting forms developed by the Smithsonian Institute containing data from October 1853 to February 1857.

Series III, RECORDING CHARTS AND DAILY/MONTHLY DATA FORMS, 1867 - 1984 [1935 - 1966], 32 linear feet, is comprised of three distinct groups of records: mechanical recording charts; data-collecting forms developed by Professor Richard H. Goddard; and, various monthly charts and forms. The mechanical recording charts are from several instruments which collected data on temperature, barometric pressure, humidity, precipitation, sunshine duration and wind, or combinations of two or more aspects simultaneously. Of particular interest in this group are the early recording charts used with the Draper Barograph, which date back to February 1867. The Goddard forms (#1 - #13) were used for recording daily/monthly information from the mechanical charts or other previously recorded sources. The last group of material, the combined accumulation of charts and forms, consists of various recording charts, Goddard forms, and National Weather Service forms filed together by month (August 1979 - August 1984).

Series IV, OFF-SITE AND OTHER METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, DATA, AND RECORDS, 1915 - 1993, 5.5 linear feet, is comprised of two groups of material: various local observations made outside of Shattuck Observatory; and, climatological and weather studies. The off-site observations include data collected by Professor Charles Nelson Haskins at his Etna and Hanover residences. There are also observations taken at Mt. Moosilauke in Benton, NH and other local elevations. Some of these observations appear to be concerned with altitude determination (barometric hypsometry) or atmospheric visibility measurement. The individual studies detail specific information from collected data in the forms of graphs, tables, and diagrams.

Series V, WEATHER BUREAU/WEATHER SERVICE MONTHLY OBSERVERS' REPORTS, 1892 - PRESENT, 1.25 linear feet, represents a nearly complete record of cooperative monthly meteorological reports dating from just after the formation of the U.S. Weather Bureau in July 1890. These reports included data from daily observations of temperature, precipitation, wind, clouds and weather remarks, as well as totals and averages for the month. The form which was used when these observational reports were begun at Dartmouth College has undergone at least three revisions, while the information collected remains constant. Other supplemental forms that were developed by the Weather Bureau/Weather Service for recording hourly meteorological observations also appear in this series.

Related materials can be found in Dartmouth College Library by searching the Dartmouth College Information System (DCIS). In-house vertical and photograph files on the Observatory and individuals related to its history are located in Dartmouth College Library Special Collections. Other related items in Special Collections are:

The Charles Augustus Young Papers, 1853-1908 Collection Number: ML-49 (Finding aid available)

The John Merrill Poor Papers, 1903-1933 Collection Number: MS-578 (Unprocessed)

The Richard Halsey Goddard Papers, 1916-1971 Collection Number: MS-642 (Finding aid available)

A Case for the Permanent Preservation of the Dartmouth College Observatory by William Davis Morgan Call Number: D.C. History LD-1440-.S5-M6

Dartmouth College Observatory by Elias Loomis Call Number: D.C. History QB-82-.U62-D3-1856

Plans for the Shattuck Observatory (Drawings) by Ira Young Call Number: D.C. History Iconography 225

Natural Philosophy at Dartmouth: From Surveyors' Chains to the Pressure of Light by Sanborn C. Brown and Leonard M. Rieser Call Number: D.C. History QC-9-.U5-B76 cop.2

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Series I, ADMINISTRATIVE RECORDS, 1846 - 1979

BOX : 1

FOLDER : 1

Alphabetical catalog of all books and pamphlets belonging to the Library of the Dartmouth Observatory. Prepared by Charles A. Young under the direction of his father, Ira Young Jul 1857

FOLDER : 2

Bills, receipts, and accounts concerning the construction of Shattuck Observatory and the purchase of books and equipment for same. Ira Young Oct 14, 1852 - Aug 26, 1858

FOLDER : 3

Certificates of Authority from the U.S. Weather Bureau enabling Richard H. Goddard to take official meteorological observations as a cooperative observer Dec 1, 1933, Sep 1, 1940

FOLDER : 4

Correspondence concerning planning, cost, and construction of Shattuck Observatory and books and apparatus to be housed therein. Ammi B. Young, Ira Young, Oliver P. Hubbard Dec 24, 1847, n.d.

FOLDER : 5

Dimensions, sketches, and estimates on materials for the construction of Shattuck Observatory Apr 1852, n.d.

FOLDER : 6

Instructions to observers in recording proper meteorological observations at Shattuck Observatory n.d.

FOLDER : 7

Notes on changes made at Shattuck Observatory. John M. Poor n.d.

FOLDER : 8

Receipt for $225 paid to Oliver Payson Hubbard by Trustees of Dartmouth College as salary for labor and superintendence of construction of Shattuck Observatory Nov 30, 1853

FOLDER : 9

Receipts. Charles A. Young Apr 19, 1871, n.d.

FOLDER : 10

[Guest] registration book. Transit Room, Shattuck Observatory 1969 - 1977

FOLDER : 11

[Visitor] registration book. Shattuck Observatory 1888 - 1894

FOLDER : 12

Reports to the Dartmouth Board of Trustees submitted by Ira Young concerning purchase of books and scientific apparatus and the building of Shattuck Observatory Jul 28, 1846 - Jul 27, 1854

FOLDER : 13

Student letters of thanks for astronomical demonstrations at Shattuck Observatory Apr 23, 1979, n.d.

Series II, MONTHLY METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS REGISTERS, 1827 - 1935

BOX : 2

FOLDER : 1

Thermometrical register. Ebenezer Adams, Jr. Nov 1827 - Aug 1828

FOLDER : 2

Meteorological register. Ebenezer Adams, Sr. Nov 1834 - Jun 1835

FOLDER : 3

Meteorological journal - newspaper clippings. Vermont Chronicle Nov 1834 - Dec 1838

FOLDER : 4

Meteorological register. Ira Young 1841 - 1847

FOLDER : 5

Meteorological register. Ira Young 1848 - 1849

FOLDER : 6

Meteorological register. Ira Young [?], Samuel Duncan (Class of 1858) observers Jan 1850 - Aug 1859

BOX : 3

FOLDER : --

Meteorological registers Oct 1859 - Dec 1871, 1872 - 1884

BOX : 4

FOLDER : --

Meteorological register 1885 - 1906

BOX : 5

FOLDER : --

Meteorological register Jan 1907 - Apr 1929

BOX : 6

FOLDER : --

Meteorological register of copied data from three registers, 1827 - 1848, and data published in the Vermont Chronicle. Transcribed by Gladys S. Moore and John M. Poor Mar 1915 - May 1928

BOX : 7

FOLDER : --

Meteorological register of copied data from register of 1850 - 1859. Transcribed by Gladys S. Moore n.d.

BOX : 8

FOLDER : 1 - 2

Meteorological registers: “Form of Meteorological Register Prepared by the Smithsonian Institution For a Uniform System of Observations” Oct 1853 - Feb 1857

FOLDER : 3 - 12

Meteorological registers Sep 1874 - May 1935

BOX : 9

FOLDER : 1

Draper hygrometer: humidity Apr 1915 - Apr 1920

FOLDER : 2

Draper barograph: barometric pressure Feb 1867 - Nov 1871

BOX : 10

FOLDER : 1

Comparison tables for standard and recording barometers [models unidentified] Jul 1, 1870 - Nov 2, 1871

FOLDER : 2 - 4

Barograph: barometric pressure Feb 1867 - Dec 30, 1870

BOX : 11

FOLDER : 1 - 2

Barograph Dec 30, 1870 - Jan 1872

BOX : 12

FOLDER : --

Chart #10 - Barograph Apr 1912 - Dec 30, 1935

BOX : 13

FOLDER : --

Chart #1068 - Barograph Dec 30, 1935, n.d.

BOX : 14

FOLDER : --

Chart #58-B - Hygrograph: humidity Jul 1936 - Jan 9, 1956

BOX : 15

FOLDER : --

Chart #58-B Jan 9, 1956, n.d.

BOX : 16

FOLDER : --

Chart #120 - Thermograph: temperature Apr 1912 - Dec 30, 1935

BOX : 17

FOLDER : --

Chart #120 Dec 30, 1935 - Sep 1, 1958

BOX : 18

FOLDER : --

Chart #120 Sep 1, 1958, n.d.

BOX : 19

FOLDER : --

Chart #609a - Green's Standard Improved Double Register: wind velocity and direction Jan 1935 - Jul 1937

FOLDER : --

Chart #1015-Met'l - Green's Standard Improved Single Register: rainfall Jul 1935 - Nov 1936

BOX : 20

FOLDER : 1 - 15

Chart #1015-F - Fergusson Weighing and Recording Rain and Snow Gage Jan 1937 - Aug 1979

BOX : 21

FOLDER : --

Chart #1017 - Combined Wind Direction, Wind Velocity, Sunshine and Rainfall Recorder Jul 28, 1937 - Jul 31, 1941

Series III, RECORDING CHARTS AND DAILY/MONTHLY DATA FORMS, 1867 - 1984 [1935 - 1966]

BOX : 22

FOLDER : --

Chart #1017 Jul 31, 1941 - Jul 9, 1945

BOX : 23

FOLDER : --

Chart #1017 Jul 9, 1945 - Jun 30, 1949

BOX : 24

FOLDER : --

Chart #1017 Jun 30, 1949 - Jul 3, 1953

BOX : 25

FOLDER : --

Chart #1017 Jul 3, 1953 - Jul 23, 1957

BOX : 26

FOLDER : --

Chart #1017 Jul 23, 1957 - Jul 1, 1961

BOX : 27

FOLDER : --

Chart #1017 Jul 1, 1961 - Jan 28, 1965

BOX : 28

FOLDER : --

Chart #1017 Jan 28, 1965 - Oct 10, 1968

BOX : 29

FOLDER : --

Chart #1017 Oct 10, 1968 - Jun 3, 1972

BOX : 30

FOLDER : --

Chart #1017 Jun 3, 1972 - Dec 4, 1975

BOX : 31

FOLDER : --

Chart #1017 Dec 4, 1975 - Dec 7, 1979

BOX : 32

FOLDER : 1 - 15

Chart #1090-AB - Microbarograph: barometric pressure May 1940 - Sep 13, 1964

BOX : 33

FOLDER : 1 - 6

Chart #1090-AB Sep 13, 1964 - Sep 24, 1973

BOX : 34

FOLDER : 1 - 7

Chart #1090-AB Sep 24, 1973, n.d.

BOX : 35

FOLDER : --

Sunshine Records - 2 charts daily: morning and afternoon recordings of sunshine duration Jul 25, 1938 - May 1939

BOX : 36

FOLDER : --

Sunshine Records Jun 1939 - Aug 1940

BOX : 37

FOLDER : --

Sunshine Records Sep 1940 - Nov 1942

BOX : 38

FOLDER : --

Sunshine Records Dec 1942 - Apr 1945

BOX : 39

FOLDER : --

Sunshine Records May 1945 - Sep 1947

BOX : 40

FOLDER : --

Sunshine Records Oct 1947 - Jul 1950

BOX : 41

FOLDER : --

Sunshine Records Aug 1950 - Oct 1953

BOX : 42

FOLDER : --

Sunshine Records Nov 1953 - Aug 1956

BOX : 43

FOLDER : --

Sunshine Records Sep 1956 - Sep 1958

BOX : 44

FOLDER : --

Sunshine Records Oct 1958 - Nov 1960

BOX : 45

FOLDER : --

Sunshine Records Dec 1960 - Apr 1963

BOX : 46

FOLDER : --

Sunshine Records May 1963 - May 1965

BOX : 47

FOLDER : --

Sunshine Records Jun 1965 - Jun 5, 1967

BOX : 48

FOLDER : 1 - 23

Form #1 - Daily Sheet: meteorological observations taken at 8 AM, noon, and 8 PM - temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, wind direction and force, precipitation, clouds and amount of clouds Jan 1935 - Aug 1942

BOX : 49

FOLDER : 1 - 24

Form #1 Sep 1942 - Aug 1950

BOX : 50

FOLDER : 1 - 24

Form #1 Sep 1950 - Aug 1958

BOX : 51

FOLDER : 1 - 24

Form #1 Sep 1958 - Aug 1966

BOX : 52

FOLDER : 1 - 2

Form #1 Sep 1966 - May 1967

FOLDER : 3 - 22

Form #1A - Daily Sheet: meterological observations taken at 8 PM - temperature, rainfall, wind, snow, and barometric pressure Jun 1967 - Dec 1973

FOLDER : 23 - 24

Form #1A 1974 [gaps]

BOX : 53

FOLDER : 1 - 9

Form #1A 1975 - 1979 [gaps], n.d.

FOLDER : 10 - 12

Reduction of Station Pressure to Zero May 1935 - Jun 1966

FOLDER : 13 - 16

Form #2 - Barometer Jan 1929 - Jun 1966

FOLDER : 17 - 20

Form #3 - Thermometers Jan 1926 - Jun 1966

FOLDER : 21 - 22

Form #4 - Hygrometer and Relative Humidity Sep 1934 - Mar 1958

BOX : 54

FOLDER : 1

Form #4 Apr 1958 - Jun 1966

FOLDER : 2 - 5

Form #5 - Clouds and Wind Jan 1929 - Jun 1966

FOLDER : 6 - 13

Form #6 - Precipitation Jun 1892, Jun 1893 - Jun 1966

FOLDER : 14 - 17

Form #7 - Remarks Jan 1929 - Jun 1966

FOLDER : 18 - 20

Form #8 - Monthly Summary Jan 1876 - Jul 1909

BOX : 55

FOLDER : 1 - 4

Form #8 Aug 1909 - Jun 1966

BOX : 56

FOLDER : --

Form #9 - Hourly Wind Velocity,

Form #10 - Prevailing Hourly Wind Direction,

Form #11 - Wind - Number of Miles Traveled and Length of Time From [Direction] Apr 1935 - Dec 1942

Form #13 - Hourly Sunshine (Jordan Recorder) Aug 1937 - Dec 1942

Form #13 - Hourly Sunshine (Electric Transmitter) Aug 1938 - Dec 1942

BOX : 57

FOLDER : --

Form #9 - Hourly Wind Velocity,

Form #10 - Prevailing Hourly Wind Direction,

Form #11 - Wind - Number of Miles Traveled and Length of Time From [Direction],

Form #13 - Hourly Sunshine (Jordan Recorder),

Form #13 - Hourly Sunshine (Electric Transmitter) Jan 1943 - Dec 1949

BOX : 58

FOLDER : --

Form #9 - Hourly Wind Velocity,

Form #10 - Prevailing Hourly Wind Direction,

Form #11 - Wind - Number of Miles Traveled and Length of Time From [Direction],

Form #13 - Hourly Sunshine (Jordan Recorder) Jan 1950 - Dec 1957

Form #13 - Hourly Sunshine (Electric Transmitter) Jan 1950 - Oct 1953 [only]

BOX : 59

FOLDER : --

Form #9 - Hourly Wind Velocity,

Form #10 - Prevailing Hourly Wind Direction,

Form #11 - Wind - Number of Miles Traveled and Length of Time From [Direction],

Form #13 - Hourly Sunshine (Jordan Recorder) Jan 1958 - Jun 1966

BOX : 60

FOLDER : 1 - 49

Recording charts/reporting forms - various: daily, weekly, and monthly Aug 1979 - Aug 1983

BOX : 61

FOLDER : 1 - 12

Reporting forms: daily and monthly Sep 1983 - Aug 1984

Series IV, OFF-SITE AND OTHER METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, DATA, AND RECORDS, 1915 - 1993

BOX : 62

FOLDER : 1

Wind: mean hourly velocities, 1936 - 1955 n.d.

FOLDER : 2

Wind: number of miles and length of time from [direction], 1936 - 1955 n.d.

FOLDER : 3

Wind: number of miles and length of time from [direction]: monthly totals and percentages, 1936 - 1962 n.d.

FOLDER : 4

Temperatures: mean daily, 1926 - 1950 n.d.

FOLDER : 5

Temperatures: minimum daily, maximum daily, and mean daily, 1951 - 1962 n.d.

FOLDER : 6

Temperatures: normal daily, highest mean daily, and lowest mean daily, 1876 - 1925 n.d.

FOLDER : 7

Temperatures: normal daily maximum, 1901 - 1925 n.d.

FOLDER : 8

Temperatures: normal maximum daily, highest maximum daily, and lowest maximum daily, 1876 - 1925 n.d.

FOLDER : 9

Temperatures: normal minimum daily, highest minimum daily, and lowest minimum daily, 1876 - 1925 n.d.

FOLDER : 10

Temperatures: 75-year maximum daily, 1876 - 1950 n.d.

FOLDER : 11

Temperatures: 75-year minimum daily, 1876 - 1950 n.d.

FOLDER : 12

Temperatures: 75-year normal maximum daily, highest maximum daily, and lowest maximum daily, 1876 - 1950 n.d.

FOLDER : 13

Temperatures: 75-year normal mean daily, 1876 - 1950 n.d.

FOLDER : 14

Temperatures: 75-year normal minimum daily, highest minimum daily, and lowest minimum daily, 1876 - 1950 n.d.

FOLDER : 15

Temperatures: warmest and coldest days, 1876 - 1950 n.d.

FOLDER : 16

Sunshine: hourly sums, 1938 - 1957 n.d.

BOX : 63

FOLDER : 1

Voluntary observer's meteorological record - climatological data, daily maximum/minimum temperatures, and daily precipitation, 1901 - 1920 n.d.

FOLDER : 2

Barometric pressure - microbarograph scalings corrected to station pressures, 1940 - 1942 n.d.

FOLDER : 3

Snow - depth on the ground at 8:00 PM for the months November - March, 1934 - 1950 n.d.

FOLDER : 4

Temperatures - daily ranges, 1901 - 1925 n.d.

FOLDER : 5

Temperatures - maximum daily maximum, mean daily mean, and minimum daily minimum, 1876 - 1935. Graphs n.d.

FOLDER : 6

Temperatures - maximum daily range, mean daily range, and minimum daily range, 1900 - 1935. Graphs n.d.

FOLDER : 7

Temperatures - maximum/mean/minimum of the daily maximum/daily mean/daily minimum, with the daily range [of the mean daily maximum and the mean daily minimum], 1876 - 1935 n.d.

FOLDER : 8

Temperatures - mean daily, 1876 - 1925 n.d.

FOLDER : 9

Temperatures - mean daily mean, 1850 - 1950 n.d.

FOLDER : 10

Temperatures - mean daily sums, 1850 - 1950 n.d.

FOLDER : 11

Temperatures - monthly means of 8:00 AM readings, 8:00 PM readings, and means of both readings, 1914 - 1934 n.d.

FOLDER : 12

Temperatures/precipitation records, 1901 - 1932. John M. Poor n.d.

FOLDER : 13

Wind diagram [wind rose] of readings in Hanover, NH, 1936 - 1940. Mechanical drawing by U.S. Engineer Office, Providence, RI Jan 15, 1941

FOLDER : 14

Wind - mean hourly velocity by months and years, 1935 - 1940 n.d.

BOX : 64

FOLDER : 1

Barometric observations log notebook of measurements taken for altitude, visibility, etc. from various local elevations. John M. Poor 1914 - 1932

FOLDER : 2

“Climate of Hanover”. Robert E. Lautzenheiser, State Climatologist, U.S. Weather Bureau Office, Boston, MA n.d.

FOLDER : 3

Correspondence between Shattuck Observatory and the National Weather Records Center, Asheville, NC Apr 9 - Nov 17, 1965

FOLDER : 4

Diagram of locations of meteorological instruments in Shattuck Observatory, including sequence of observations and instructions n.d.

FOLDER : 5

Frost - spring and fall occurrences, 1876 - 1946. Graph by Richard H. Goddard. n.d.

FOLDER : 6

Frosts - last of spring and first of autumn, 1876 - 1966. Table by Richard H. Goddard n.d.

FOLDER : 7

[National Weather Service] instructions and labels for sending Fischer and Porter Rain Gage tapes. Notations by Tom Kenyon, Technical Administrator, Physics and Astronomy Department Dec 22, 1983, n.d.

FOLDER : 8

Instructions for cloud and rain observations to observer Edward H. Kimball from Albert A. Young n.d.

FOLDER : 9

Instructions to meteorological observers issued by the U.S. Weather Bureau, Washington, D.C. Jun 4, 1912, n.d.

FOLDER : 10

Letter. Arthur Watson to Dartmouth College Library [referred to John M. Poor] requesting meteorological data Oct 16, 1920

FOLDER : 11

Letter. Dunwood, U.S. Weather Bureau to Prof. Charles F. Emerson. Re: pre-publication changes to post-1834 temperature/precipitation records Jul 24, 1891

FOLDER : 12

Mean temperatures and precipitation (?), 1905 - 1931. John M. Poor [?] n.d.

FOLDER : 13

Meteorological data from various locations in New England, including drafts of a paper of the climate of New England. Ira Young n.d.

FOLDER : 14

Meteorological data summaries for Hanover, NH. Ira Young [and others unidentified] 1835 - 1866

FOLDER : 15

Meteorological observations - miscellaneous, 1944 to 1964 n.d.

FOLDER : 16

Meteorological summary: report for August 1863 Sep 1863

FOLDER : 17

Precipitation amounts for summer months (June - August) in Burlington, VT and Hanover, NH [and Hanover monthly averages], 1835 - 1854. Albert A. Young Sep 1854

FOLDER : 18

Precipitation and snowfall - annual for Hanover, NH, 1866 - 1993. Data compiled by Melissa Stamp. May 1993

FOLDER : 19

Precipitation by month and year, 1835 - 1966. Richard H. Goddard n.d.

FOLDER : 20

Precipitation - maximum/minimum by months, 1835 - 1947 and maximum/minimum snowfall by months, 1866 - 1946 n.d.

FOLDER : 21

Precipitation - yearly in inches, 1835 - 1947. Graph by Richard H. Goddard n.d.

FOLDER : 22

Rainfall, snowfall and mean temperatures - November through March, 1867 - 1964 n.d.

FOLDER : 23

Snow - average depth on the ground at 8:00 PM, December - March, 1935 - 1963. Richard H. Goddard n.d.

FOLDER : 24

Snow - average depth on the ground at 8:00 PM in February, 1935 - 1946. Table and graph by Richard H. Goddard Apr 24, 1946, n.d.

FOLDER : 25

Snow - average of the five largest depths: December - March, 1935 - 1963. Richard H. Goddard n.d.

FOLDER : 26

Snow - average of the five lowest depths: December - March, 1935 - 1963. Richard H. Goddard n.d.

FOLDER : 27

Snow - average, maximum, minimum and total snowfall by months and years. Graphs by Richard H. Goddard Apr 19, 1948, n.d.

FOLDER : 28

Snow - depth on the ground at 8:00 PM: from 15 winters beginning with November 1934. Graph by Richard H. Goddard Feb 4, 1950

FOLDER : 29

Snow - greatest depth on ground, December through March, 1935 - 1963. Richard H. Goddard n.d.

FOLDER : 30

Snow - least depth on ground, December through March, 1935 - 1963. Richard H. Goddard n.d.

FOLDER : 31

Snowfall - average, 1866 - 1964 n.d.

FOLDER : 32

Snowfall by months and winters, 1866 - 1966. Richard H. Goddard n.d.

FOLDER : 33

Snowfall by months and winters, 1907 - 1937. Table by Richard H. Goddard n.d.

FOLDER : 34

Summaries of meteorological observations taken from October 1935 - June 1966. Richard H. Goddard Sep 1963, n.d.

FOLDER : 35

Summaries of meteorological observations taken from October 1935 - June 1966. Richard H. Goddard Sep 1963, n.d.

FOLDER : 36

Summaries of meteorological observations taken from October 1935 - June 1966. Richard H. Goddard Sep 1963,n.d.

FOLDER : 37

Sunshine - monthly observation station tables for Shattuck Observatory n.d.

FOLDER : 38

Sunshine - percentage of per month and year, 1937 - 1965. Table n.d.

FOLDER : 39

Temperature extremes listed by day, January - December, 1876 - 1950 n.d.

FOLDER : 40

Temperature - minimum thermometer readings of -20 degrees F and lower, 1856 - 1914. John M. Poor [?] n.d.

FOLDER : 41

Temperature - quarterly departure from 65 degrees F, 1878 - 1965 n.d.

FOLDER : 42

Temperature - below zero occurrences, November, 1879 - 1933 n.d.

FOLDER : 43

Temperature - daily minimums by month with yearly means [and some daily means], 1857 - 1875. Shattuck Observatory [?] n.d.

FOLDER : 43A

Temperature - maximum daily maximum, mean, and minimum daily minimum, 1914 - 1933. Graphs by Sanborn C. Brown [?] Jul - Aug 1934 [?]

FOLDER : 44

Temperature - mean by months and years, 1868 - 1966 n.d.

FOLDER : 45

Temperature - mean by months, 1876 - 1948. Graphs by Richard H. Goddard Apr 3, 1948

FOLDER : 46

Temperature - normal daily, 1876 - 1925. Graphy by Richard H. Goddard Apr 12, 1938

FOLDER : 47

Temperature - normal/highest/lowest maximum daily; normal/highest/lowest mean daily; and, normal/highest/lowest minimum daily temperatures for February, 1876 - 1925. Graphs by Richard H. Goddard n.d.

FOLDER : 48

Temperature - percentage of days in February in which the temperature was 32 degrees F and 40 degrees F or more, 1876 - 1946 at Shattuck Observatory [?]. Graphs by Richard H. Goddard n.d.

FOLDER : 49

Temperature - various maximum, mean, and minimum daily readings, 1876 - 1925. Graphs by Richard H. Goddard Apr 3, 1925

FOLDER : 50

Temperatures during Dartmouth College Winter Carnivals, 1910 - 1939. Richard H. Goddard Jan 22, 1940

FOLDER : 51

Wind - compass-card and graph of prevailing wind direction and average hourly wind velocity by months, May 1935 - April 1945. Richard H. Goddard Apr 3, 1948

FOLDER : 52

Wind - computed prevailing direction by months, 1935 - 1945 n.d.

FOLDER : 53

Wind - computed prevailing direction by months, 1945 - 1955 n.d.

FOLDER : 54

Wind - computed prevailing direction, 1936 - 1965 n.d.

FOLDER : 55

Wind - diurnal variation in average hourly velocity from 10 years of data. Graphs by Richard H. Goddard Apr 24, 1948

FOLDER : 56

Wind - percentage of time from recorded directions, including percentage of calm, 1936 - 1964 n.d.

FOLDER : 57

Wind - prevailing direction by month during a 20-year span n.d.

BOX : 65

FOLDER : 1 - 4

Meteorological observations book. Shattuck Observatory Oct 1904 - 1911

FOLDER : 5 - 6

Meteorological observations book. Shattuck Observatory. C. E. Norwood, observer Sep 28, 1914 - Jun 30, 1915

FOLDER : 7 - 8

Meteorological observations book. Shattuck Observatory Jul 8, 1915 - Feb 1, 1917

FOLDER : 9

Meteorological observations book. Shattuck Observatory. Ralph A. Loring, observer Feb 2 - Nov 23, 1917

FOLDER : 10

Meteorological observations book. Shattuck Observatory Jul 8, 1918 - Oct [?] 1919

BOX : 66

FOLDER : 1 - 5

Meteorological observations book. Shattuck Observatory Jun 18, 1920 - Jun 16, 1924

BOX : 67

FOLDER : 1

Meteorological observations: barometry - barometer comparisons. John M. Poor Jun 1914, n.d.

FOLDER : 2

Meteorological observations: barometry - barometric curves, 1851 - 1854 n.d.

FOLDER : 3

Meteorological observations: barometry - hourly barometric readings, 1870 n.d.

FOLDER : 4

Meteorological observations: hypsometry - altitude observations of Smarts Mountain [Lyme, NH] and Mount Cube [Orford, NH]. Observers unidentified Aug 8 - 10, 1914

FOLDER : 5

Meteorological observations: hypsometry - barometric comparisons between Mt. Moosilauke [Benton, NH] and Hanover, NH v.d.

FOLDER : 6

Meteorological observations: hypsometry - comparisons between Mt. Washington [Sargents Purchase, NH] and Hanover, NH v.d.

FOLDER : 7

Meteorological observations: hypsometry - correction tables for Mt. Washington, NH and Hanover, NH data comparisons n.d.

FOLDER : 8

Meteorological observations: hypsometry [?] - miscellaneous readings n.d.

FOLDER : 9

Meteorological observations: miscellaneous analyses of climate, 1901 - 1922. John M. Poor n.d.

FOLDER : 10

Meteorological observations - unidentified n.d.

FOLDER : 11

Meteorological observations: precipitation - greatest 24-hour, Jan 1896 - Sep 1913. Summary by John M. Poor Oct 1913 [?]

FOLDER : 12

Meteorological observations: precipitation - monthly totals exceeding 9 inches, 1843 - 1856. John M. Poor n.d.

FOLDER : 13

Meteorological observations: temperature - analysis of various June readings, 1857 - 1916. John M. Poor n.d.

FOLDER : 14

Meteorological observations: temperature - frequency distributions, 1835 - 1916. John M. Poor n.d.

FOLDER : 15

Meteorological observations: temperature - frequency of readings below 40 degrees in the month of June over 60 years. Compiled by John M. Poor [?] n.d.

FOLDER : 16

Meteorological observations: temperature - mean, mean maximum, and mean minimum readings for July and August (including precipitation totals), 1901 - 1915. John M. Poor [?] n.d.

FOLDER : 17

Meteorological observations: temperature - minimum and mean for November, 1857 - 1874 n.d.

FOLDER : 18

Meteorological observations: temperature - reductions, 1870 - 1919. John M. Poor n.d.

FOLDER : 19

Meteorological observations: wind at Shattuck Observatory, Hanover, NH (1835 - 1852) and Concord, NH (1827 - 1835). Includes letter from Ira Young, Dartmouth College 1852

FOLDER : 20

Meteorological observations: winter weather records, 1827 - 1911. Analyzed by John M. Poor n.d.

BOX : 68

FOLDER : 1

Meteorological observations - monthly registers. Mt. Moosilauke, Benton, NH Jul 18 - Sep 7, 1920

FOLDER : 2

Miscellaneous observations from Mt. Moosilauke. Graphs and tables May 1883, n.d.

FOLDER : 3

Miscellaneous observations. Graphs and tables May 26, 1883, n.d.

FOLDER : 4

Miscellaneous observations. Drawings and tables Oct 13, 1871, n.d.

BOX : 69

FOLDER : 1

Meteorological observations recorded by Charles Nelson Haskins at his residence, the “Bill Hayes Place” in Etna, NH Oct 10 - Dec 31, 1915

FOLDER : 2

Meteorological observations recorded by Charles Nelson Haskins at his residence, the “Bill Hayes Place” in Etna, NH 1916

FOLDER : 3

Meteorological observations recorded by Charles Nelson Haskins at his residences, “Bill Hayes Place” and “Colby Emerson Place”, Etna, NH 1917

FOLDER : 4

Meteorological observations compiled by Charles Nelson Haskins, “Bill Hayes Place”, Etna, NH Jun 1915 - Aug 1918

FOLDER : 5

Voluntary observers' meteorological record for Etna, NH recorded by Charles Nelson Haskins. Originals and carbons Jul 1915 - May 1916

FOLDER : 6-8

Meteorological observations recorded by Charles Nelson Haskins. Etna, NH 1918 - 1920

BOX : 70

FOLDER : 1

Meteorological observations recorded by Charles Nelson Haskins. Etna, NH Jan 1 - 24, 1921

FOLDER : 2

Meteorological observations recorded by Charles Nelson Haskins. Lebanon Road, Hanover, NH Dec 31, 1934 - Jun 26, 1939

FOLDER : 3

Precipitation records for Hanover, NH compiled by Charles Nelson Haskins 1905 - 1914

Series V, WEATHER BUREAU/WEATHER SERVICE MONTHLY OBSERVERS' REPORTS, 1892 - PRESENT

BOX : 71

FOLDER : 1 - 3

Form #1078D - Precipitation: U. S. Weather Bureau Data Sheet - Hourly Records 1940 - Jun 1966

BOX : 72

FOLDER : 1 - 40

Voluntary / cooperative observers' monthly meteorological reports to the United States Weather Bureau [other Weather Bureau forms included] Jun 1892 - 1969

BOX : 73

FOLDER : 1 - 10

Voluntary / cooperative observers' monthly meteorological reports to the United States Weather Bureau/National Weather Service [other Weather Bureau/ Service forms included through 1979] 1970 - 1979

FOLDER : 11

Voluntary / cooperative observers' monthly meteorological reports to the National Weather Service 1980 - present

Appendix 1

Cross-reference of meteorological observations found within the Shattuck Observatory meteorological registers, charts, forms, and reports

Type of observation Barometric pressure Series II - Meteorological observations registers

Series III - Draper barograph, [Unidentified] barograph, Chart #10, Chart #1068, Chart #1090-AB, Form #1, Form #1A, Form #2, Form #8

Clouds Series II - Meteorological observations registers

Series III - Form #1, Form #5, Form #7, Form #8

Series V - Weather Bureau/Service Monthly Reports

Humidity Series II - Meteorological observations registers

Series III - Draper hygrometer, Chart #58-B, Form #1, Form #4, Form #8

Precipitation Series II - Meteorological observations registers

Series III - Chart #1015-Met'l, Chart #1015-F, Chart #1017, Form #1, Form #1A, Form #6, Form #8

Series V - Weather Bureau/Service Monthly Reports

Sunshine Series III - Chart #1017, Sunshine Records, Form #13

Temperature Series II - Meteorological observations registers

Series III - Chart #120, Form #1, Form #1A, Form #3, Form #8

Series V - Weather Bureau/Service Monthly Reports

Wind Series II - Meteorological observations registers

Series III - Chart #609a, Chart #1017, Form #1, Form #1A, Form #5, Form #8, Form #9, Form #10, Form #11

Series V - Weather Bureau/Service Monthly Reports